http://www.sheilacrismon.com/kennedy-halves/
Kennedy Halves
Why There are Arabs in Israel
Jewish emigration into Israel did not begin with refugees from Hitler's Europe back in the 1920s the typical Jewish home already have a little blue box of the Jewish national fund for the collection of nickels and dimes to assist Israeli land reclamation then long underway long before anyone outside of Germany had heard of Hitler.
Nor did it begin with the Balfour Declaration of 1917. A Jewish militia, a direct ancestor of the Haganah, was already protecting settlement in Israel in 1909, at a time when Arab nationalism did not yet exist Tel Aviv was founded in that year as far back as 1905 an addition of the Encyclopaedia Britannica reported the population of Jerusalem as 40,000 Jews 13,000 Christians and 7000 Muslims.
Jewish immigration into Israel did not even begin with the founding of the Zionist movement in 1897. 15 years before that it was already so great that the Turkish government banned it. The modern revival of Hebrew as a means of communication among Jews coming to Israel from various countries goes back at least to the 1850s.
Actually there was no beginning. Both the intent and the actuality of Jewish return to Israel have been continuous since ancient times, since even before the Romans began a policy of de-Judaizing the land. It has been constant; it is not a modern revival.
The central prayer of the Jewish liturgy speaks, among other things, of the return of the Jewish people to Israel and Israel's reestablishment of the Jewish political entity with Jerusalem as its capital. This prayer was composed of the Roman Empire was at its height, while Israel was still predominately Jewish, and has been recited constantly, from that era to the present, three times daily, without a break.
Jews first came to Israel in the second millennium B.C. The peoples they found they are no longer exist. For the most part they were absorbed by the Jews. But they were not Arabs. The Arabs came later. Space the country was predominately Jewish for about 1500 years. But in the second century A.D., after a series of rebellions against Roman rule and sporadic periods of regained independence, the Romans determined to crush the Jews permanently by driving out great numbers of them, sending their young men into the arenas as gladiators, and replacing them with the Greek speaking population. Even after this, Jews remain the majority for a long time. The prayer for political reconstitution in Israel continued to serve notice that the Jewish people had not surrendered their claim. Whatever one may think of the functions of prayer, here was a thrice daily notification, by an entire fault, they had every intention of reoccupying their land at the first opportunity. Of course a claim without an army to back it up as little standing in international law. But the claim was there, waiting for its army, and no occupant who might enter in the meantime could be unaware of it. Other references to the claim or throughout the liturgy - in the prayer after every meal, for instance. And every Passover in Yom Kippur ended with a cry, "Next year in Jerusalem!"
There are always been millions of Jews taking all of this very seriously (AniYochanan). Throughout the Middle Ages, no matter how bearing the desert is really become, and regardless of the conditions under which Jews lived, there were always some making their way there to settle. Some went in old age, in order to die there. Others settled in groups. Many who had no prospect of getting there, sent for little bags of Israeli soil which they treasured and had poured on their bodies and their coffins, so that they could come as close as possible to burial in Israel. In the 1500s there was a major attempt to reestablish Jewish political autonomy in northern Israel and to make the desert bloom (not with citrus groves, as today, but with silkworm culture). It failed when the leader of the movement, who was an associate of the Sultan, fell out of favor, but it was not an isolated incident.
The emancipation in recent centuries that caused some Jews to take the Israeli claim less seriously also made it easier for others to work for its realization. With us in the 1700s, and in the 18 hundredths, as in the present century, there was one movement after another, one organization after another, with a constant stream of emigration and settlement.
It was all this that made it inevitable that sooner or later, along about the middle of the 20th century, the Jews of Israel would ask for political independence and defend it with an army. It would've happened, even if there had been no World War II or Hitler, even if there had been no United Nations.
Jews and Arabs, as it happens, both originally came to Israel in much the same way. Each was at first the Bedouin people that came out of the desert to conquer a land of ancient towns; each then adopted a subtle way of life and made the towns of their own. It is a frequent pattern in history.
The Arabs first came to Israel as conquerors on horseback in the seventh century A.D.. The peoples then living there spoke Greek and Aramaic, but after the Arab conquest the Arabic language became dominant. Before that the Arabs had lived in the Arabian Peninsula, and still do. When it burst out of Arabia in the seventh century, they conquered not only Israel but an empire extending from the Pyrenees to the border of India. Their religion to call them perch up at their language did not, and neither their language nor the religion was permanent in Spain or Portugal (though both florist there for several centuries). But the rest of their empire corresponds roughly to the Arab world of today. The same 7th-century wave of conquest that brought the Arabs to Israel brought them also to Egypt, Syria, Iraq, and North Africa and made them a major power.
The Jewish settlement and confined itself to the small territory from the Jordan Valley to the coast, the areas of modern Israel and Jordan, and the Jews would retain no connection with any previous region. Their whole culture and religion identified itself permanently within this very small plot. The Arab conquest was of a different order and magnitude. It did not lose momentum at it until it stretched from the Atlantic to Babylonia and beyond, and it retained the ancient homeland of Arabia as well. Israel with a tiny part of the whole.
It was not only a tiny part, but also an unimportant one. The Arab empire split into diverse dynasties or parts fell under invading dynasties, and its pieces were eventually annexed by the Turks, but at no time did the Arabs, or the Turks for that matter, ever make "Palestine" a distinct entity - it was never even a province. It was always an outlying backwater of some other province. The present claim that "Palestinians" are distinct nationality has not the slightest basis at all the centuries of their history. No Arab administration regarded Palestine is anything but an outlying part of something else; they never even had a word for as a whole. "Falastin" in those days was only a part of it, a district. Not only did in the territory have no form of political identity, but it was also neglected physically. Until during the 18th and early 19th centuries the population of Jerusalem had fallen below 10,000 in the road countryside had few people left the occasional nomads.
With the breakup of the Turkish Empire at the end of World War I, the British foreign office, in the course of its map drawing, invented the political and territorial concepts of Palestine and Transjordania (now Jordan). These were not Arab concepts. Arabs simply thought of the whole region is Syria, and an Arab in Jerusalem or Bethlehem, if he wanted to define themselves geographically, called himself a Syrian.
Transjordania was carved from what had been a larger Israel by the British in 1922; they made a kingdom for Bedouin sheik whose family had been driven from the Arabian peninsula by rival Bedouins, also protégés of the British.
The Jews who had fought the Turks, in time found themselves fighting the British. In 1947, the UN passed a resolution urging the partition of Palestine into two intertwined halves - a Jewish state and an Arab state. The following year at the British left in the Jews proclaimed their state. Nobody troubled to set up a state in the Arab half. The surrounding Arab states made ready to invade the hole and take it over. But they had no more intention of setting up an Arab state in Israel than did the Arabs already there; their intention was rather a free-for-all to fragment the territory and annexed the pieces. In other words, in 1947 and 1948 the surrounding Arab states had no more concept of "Palestine" as a permanent Arab entity than did the Arabs who live there. And why should they? There had never been such a state! The Arab farmers in town dwellers of Syria, Israel, and Jordan were homogeneous, alike in language and culture. Among them were other groups such as the Bedouins and the Druzes, but these two were the same everywhere. The British drawn boundaries represented no ethnic or cultural reality.
As a matter of fact the Arab population of Israel, like the Jewish population, had been swelled by recent immigration. In the 19th century the country received not only increasing waves of Jewish immigration a sizable wave of Arab immigration - the latter from Algeria, then being conquered by the French. Even so, for most of the century the population was sparse, and on balance it was still declining. Travelers described his countryside as abandoned, dismal, and desolate. (E.g., Mark Twain in 'The Innocents Abroad': "one may write 10 miles hereabouts, and not see 10 human beings.") With the turn of the century, however, Jewish activity increasingly stimulated the economy, and attracted Arab immigration into Israel from Syria, Iraq, Lebanon, Jordan, and Egypt. The Jewish and Arab populations grew simultaneously. The Jews also introduced health measures that reduced infant mortality among Arabs. Between the world wars, the Jewish population of his role rose by 375,000 and the Arab population by 380,000. The air of increase in Israel with 75% in that period as compared to 25% and prolific Egypt, and the biggest Arab increases were in the areas of the most intense Jewish development.
In 1947 Jews were majority and half of Israel then assigned to them by the UN resolution. Their numbers would have been greater but for the British restriction on Jewish immigration. On the other hand, the British had placed no restriction at all on Arab immigration into Israel.
It is easy to exaggerate the role of the Nazis in bringing Jews to Israel. Jewish immigration into Israel have been increasing steadily since the 19th century, both from Europe and from Arab lands; in killing 75% of all the Jews in Europe, the Nazis eliminated as well as stimulated potential immigrants
1948 war left Egypt in possession of a small southwestern corner of what had been Israel known as the Gaza Strip, and Jordan in possession of the central portion of irregular shape known today as the West Bank, and including the old city of Jerusalem. There was no protest by Palestinian Arabs as asserting that they did not want to be Egyptians or Jordanians. The Egyptian government as it turned out, kept the Palestinians combined to the Gaza Strip and did not let them enter Egypt. But the Arabs of Jerusalem, Samaria, and adjacent districts now became Jordanians with little or no protest
Haj Amin el Husseini, the British appointed mufti of Jerusalem, who had himself urged Arabs to flee from Israel, now try to set up a Palestine government in Gaza, and later in Cairo, but the idea died for lack of support.
For 19 years, until after the cease-fire of 1967, there was plenty of talk of destroying Israel, but no story about a Palestinian nationality. It would hardly have held water, with Arabs supporting Jordan's annexation of a big chunk of central Israel, and with Jordan referring to ancient Jewish ruins there in as Jordanian heritage.
Sirhan Sirhan, the assassin of Robert Kennedy, called himself a Jordanian, quite naturally, though he and his family were from Jerusalem. That was the pattern, between 1948 and 1967. Jordan today still regards the occupied West Bank as part of Jordan, not as Palestine.
It was only after 1967 the Palestinians began to be spoken of as a distinct nationality, different from Syrians or Jordanians, who would always be in exile and must be returned to Palestine. The concept is so widely used today that we tend to forget that we scarcely heard of it before 1967.
The New York Times quoted an Arab nationalist as saying that the Israelis, "deny that there is a nation of Palestine." But the same Arab was chief administrator of Jerusalem for the government of Jordan. And when you founded in nationalist newspaper in Jerusalem after World War I, he called his newspaper South Syria.
Even if the nation of "Palestine" is a post-1967 ploy, the Arabs have been uprooted from their homes or human reality. To be displaced by the fortunes of war, to be forced from the scenes where your life is unfolded, is not pleasant, emotionally or economically. A man's tight to his surroundings is real.
This misfortune has happened to many peoples, and particularly in the 20th century. Yet none of these peoples have reacted like the Arabs. Each of these displaced populations was taken in by people of the same nationality elsewhere. It was never easy, and most of the individuals involved had little to do with the political disasters in which they were caught. But they began life anew and cease to be a problem.
The Arabs in this respect are unique. Only the Arabs remained unabsorbed elsewhere, still refugees while generations have grown to manhood. There are, after all, over a dozen separate Arab states with a combined population of nearly 200 million and considerable underdeveloped land, the refugees are but a fraction of this figure. Why were they not absorbed? Principally, because most Arab governments did not permit their absorption, preferring to use them as a casus belli against Israel.
About the Author
AniYochanan
 |
 1964 PROOF CAMEO GEM KENNEDY 90 SILVER US COIN GREAT LOOKING NO TONING $14.96 (6 Bids) Time Remaining: 1h 13m |
 1986 P+D UNCIRCULATED Kennedy Half IN MINT CELLO LK $6.74 Time Remaining: 27d 2h 20m Buy It Now for only: $6.74 |
 100 Kennedy Halves 1965 1969 40 Silver WOW $426.76 (4 Bids) Time Remaining: 1h 42m |
 1984 P+D UNCIRCULATED Kennedy Half IN MINT CELLO LK $4.98 Time Remaining: 3d 7h 13m Buy It Now for only: $4.98 |
 20 1964 KENNEDY Silver Half Dollars In BRILLIANT UNCIRCULATED Condition $240.00 (1 Bid) Time Remaining: 19h 44m |
 1964 PROOF CAMEO GEM KENNEDY 90 SILVER US COIN GREAT LOOKING NO TONING $14.15 (6 Bids) Time Remaining: 3h 13m |
 1977 S Kennedy Half Dollar PF 69 DCAM PCGS FREE shipping $13.48 Time Remaining: 4d 16h 52m Buy It Now for only: $13.48 |
 12 1964 Kennedy Half Dollars $81.00 (11 Bids) Time Remaining: 20h 46m |
 1973 P+D Uncirculated Kennedy Half IN MINT CELLO LK $2.94 Time Remaining: 23d 7h 51m Buy It Now for only: $2.94 |
 ROLL of 20 1964P BU Kennedy Silver Half Dollars uncirculated united states coins $235.00 (1 Bid) Time Remaining: 12h 19m |
 Huge Lot 20 Roll 1964 Half Halves Dollar US D Mint Coin Silver 90 Kennedy $215.00 (5 Bids) Time Remaining: 1d 9h 45m |
 1993 P+D Uncirculated Kennedy Half IN MINT CELLO LK $5.90 Time Remaining: 22d 17h 16m Buy It Now for only: $5.90 |
 Huge Lot 20 Roll 1964 Half Halves Dollar US D Mint Coin Silver 90 Kennedy $202.50 (17 Bids) Time Remaining: 1d 9h 46m |
 LOT OF 41 KENNEDY HALF 1 2 DOLLARS USD 90 STERLING SILVER 148295 TROY OUNCES $305.00 (9 Bids) Time Remaining: 21h 28m |
 1979 S Proof Kennedy Half Dollar Type 2 PCGS PR69DCAM $19.00 Time Remaining: 22d 13h 2m Buy It Now for only: $19.00 |
 Partial roll 15 of Kennedy Half Dollars 40 Silver 750 Face See listing $46.60 (5 Bids) Time Remaining: 18h 57m |
 2001 S Silver Proof GEM Kennedy Half Dollar ULTRA CAMEO $24.95 Time Remaining: 27d 2h 28m Buy It Now for only: $24.95 |
 COMPLETE UNCIRCULATED KENNEDY HALF DOLLAR COLLECTION 1964 2011 88 COINS SILVER $200.00 (34 Bids) Time Remaining: 1d 18h 19m |
 1964 Silver PF68 Kennedy Half $34.99 (1 Bid) Time Remaining: 11h 56m |
 1964 PCGS PR68 Kennedy Silver Half Dollar Proof EXTRA SHARP $56.95 Time Remaining: 29d 19h 16m Buy It Now for only: $56.95 |
 1964 PROOF CAMEO GEM KENNEDY 90 SILVER US COIN GREAT LOOKING NO TONING $12.04 (5 Bids) Time Remaining: 5h 13m |
 1970 D KENNEDY HALF DOLLAR still mint sealed $12.00 Time Remaining: 26d 14h 21m Buy It Now for only: $12.00 |
 Huge Lot 20 Roll 1964 Half Halves Dollar US D Mint Coin Silver 90 Kennedy $215.55 (16 Bids) Time Remaining: 1d 9h 43m |
 LOT OF 4 Kennedy Half Dollars 1964 D $38.11 (2 Bids) Time Remaining: 12h 46m |
 2010 S GEM PROOF 90 Silver Kennedy Half $19.88 Time Remaining: 25d 19h 40m Buy It Now for only: $19.88 |
 1964 KENNEDY HALF ORIGINAL Bank Roll 20 90 SILVER HALVES 90 $31.15 (2 Bids) Time Remaining: 3d 55m |
 1964 Proof Accent Hair Kennedy Half Dollar NGC PF67 $110.00 Time Remaining: 22h 33m |
 1980 S thru 1989 S Proof Kennedy Half DOLLARs 10 coins $24.99 Time Remaining: 21d 12h 17m Buy It Now for only: $24.99 |
 20 1964 Kennedy Half Dollars 90 Silver $26.60 (3 Bids) Time Remaining: 2d 20h 26m |
 1969 S Choice Proof Cameo Silver Kennedy Half Dollar $11.50 Time Remaining: 24d 22h 57m Buy It Now for only: $11.50 |
 Lot of Three 3 1964 Kennedy Half Dollar Coins Shiny and bright Silver $27.86 (9 Bids) Time Remaining: 1d 7h 40m |
 1964 PROOF CAMEO GEM KENNEDY 90 SILVER US COIN GREAT LOOKING NO TONING $10.51 (4 Bids) Time Remaining: 7h 13m |
 1985 S KENNEDY Proof Half Dollar any toning in picture only $2.39 Time Remaining: 18d 11h 11m Buy It Now for only: $2.39 |
 Lot of Eight 8 40 Silver Kennedy Half Dollars Fast Shipping $24.99 (1 Bid) Time Remaining: 16h 54m |
 2012 Kennedy Half Dollars P D Brilliant Uncirculated $3.98 Time Remaining: 27d 19h 2m Buy It Now for only: $3.98 |
 1966 Sms Kennedy Half Dollar NGC MS68 $105.00 Time Remaining: 22h 32m |
 COLLECTIBLE LOT OF 4 KENNEDYS HALF Dollar Coins MOSTLY UNC CONDITION $20.50 (5 Bids) Time Remaining: 13h 16m |
 Complete Set Kennedy Half Dollars 1971 2001 no 1987s $46.00 Time Remaining: 6d 22h 1m Buy It Now for only: $46.00 |
 1964 Kennedy Silver Half Dollars lot of seven five Ds and two Plain $0.99 (1 Bid) Time Remaining: 20h 12m |
| Account limit of 2197 requests per hour exceeded. |
|
|
The Kennedy's $13.99 The Kennedy's |
|
|
Kennedy $15.99 Kennedy |
|
|
Go Halves On A Bastard $9.99 Go Halves On A Bastard |
|
|
Farming to Halves $80 Farming to halves is the English version of sharefarming, a system of letting land familiar in Europe and the New World, but thought to never have existed in England. This book reveals its hidden history in England, overturning traditional accounts of the relationship between landlords and tenants in the course of English Agrarian development. |
|
|
A Spirituality for the Two Halves of Life $20.09 Both Rohr and D'Arcy believe that much personal and church confusion could be helped by clearly distinguishing the tasks of the two halves of life.... |
|
|
Two Halves $14.84 Twenty-one-year-old Sarah is a child of a human mother and a vampire father and has suppressed her dark side with serums. The only memory of her mother is when Sarah killed her, soon after birth. Of her father, nothing-just a hatred for his vampire traits that made her kill her own mother. When a disturbing nightmare foretelling her bleak future stirs the superhuman traits, underworld creatures are beaconed. On the run with William, a man she knows from her dreams, Sarah tries to learn what's been hidden from her, for a good reason. Had she known her destiny, she may have continued with the serums that kept her hidden. |
|
|
A History of Halves $5.84 No Synopsis Available |
|
|
Other Halves $53.63 No Synopsis Available |
|
|
Pecan Halves Mammoth - 30 Lb Mammoth Pecan Halves: GR $390.95 Mammoth pecan halves come from pecans that are mostly produced in the Carolinas and Georgia. These pecans are known as Mammoth because of their large size. You'll find 200 pecan halves per 250 pounds of these pecans. Each case consists of thirty pounds. |
|
|
Pecan Halves Jr. Mammoth - 30 Lb Pecan Halves,Jr.Mammoth: GR $385.32 Pecan Halves, Jr. Mammoth come from pecans that are mostly produced in the Carolinas and Georgia. These pecans are known as Jr. Mammoth because of their medium to large size. You'll find 250 pecan halves per 300 pounds of these pecans. Each case consists of thirty pounds. |
|
|
Two Halves 45/45 T-Shirt $18.99 Two Halves 45/45 T-Shirt. Consider this your warning! Reads "45/45 It's a game of two halves. I'll beat you in the first and I'll beat you worse in the second!" 100% cotton. Imported.T-shirt will ship in 3-5 business days. |
|
|
Traxxas Gearbox Halves Revo 3.3 TRA5391X $25.47 Traxxas center gear box halves are constructed of nylon. Two gearbox halves with rubber access plug. Installing all internal gearbox components. |
|
|
Halves, a Novel (and Other Tales). $31.53 Title: Halves, a novel (and other tales).Publisher: British Library, Historical Print EditionsThe British Library is the national library of the United Kingdom. It is one of the worlds largest research libraries holding over 150 million items in all known languages and formats: books, journals, newspapers, sound recordings, patents, maps, stamps, prints and much more. Its collections include around 14 million books, along with substantial additional collections of manuscripts and historical items dating back as far as 300 BC.The FICTION PROSE LITERATURE collection includes books from the British Library digitised by Microsoft. The collection provides readers with a perspective of the world from some of the 18th and 19th centurys most talented writers. Written for a range of audiences, these works are a treasure for any curious reader looking to see the world through the eyes of ages past. Beyond the main body of works the collection also includes songbooks, comedy, and works of satire. ++++The below data was compiled from various identification fields in the bibliographic record of this title. This data is provided as an additional tool in helping to insure edition identification: ++++ British Library Payn, James; 1876. 3 vol.; 8 . 12636.h.1. Author: Payn, James Binding Type: Paperback Number of Pages: 292 Publication Date: 2011/01/05 Language: English Dimensions: 9.69 x 7.44 x 0.61 inches |
|
|
J&A Peaches (Halves) - 12/16Oz J&A Peaches (Halves): GR $52.5 Jake and Amos Peach Halves are all natural home-style peaches made using an old-fashioned canning process that seals in the delicious sweet taste while preserving freshness. Try these peaches by themselves, or use them as a great addition to any fruit salad. Each case consists of twelve, sixteen ounce jars. |
|
|
J&A Peaches (Halves) - 12/32Oz J&A Peaches (Halves): GR $90.78 Jake and Amos Peach halves are an all natural home-style peaches made using an old-fashioned canning process that seals in the delicious sweet taste while preserving freshness. These peaches are delicious by themselves, or make a great addition to any fruit salad. Each case consists of twelve, thirty two ounce jars. |
|
|
J&A Vanilla Peach Halves - 12/32Oz J&A Van. Peach Halves: GR $90.74 Jake and Amos Vanilla Peach Halves are sweet and juicy peaches flavored with a hint of rich vanilla making this fruit a dessert in itself! Delicious served chilled for a treat that you'll forget that it's good for you! Each case consists of twelve, thirty two ounce jars. |
|
|
J&A Pears (Halves) - 12/32Oz J&A Pears (Halves): GR $90.71 Jake and Amos Pear halves are made with sweet, juicy pears preserved at the peak of perfection. The flavor is evident they are made with the freshest fruit possible. Try serving chilled for a healthy dessert, or use as a tasty addition to any fruit salad. Each case consists oftwelve, thirty two ounce jars. |
|
|
The Curlew (Kennedy) $10.49 The Curlew (Kennedy) |
40% kennedy half